Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Macadam is a type of road construction pioneered by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam c. 1820, in which crushed stone is placed in shallow, convex layers and compacted thoroughly. A binding layer of stone dust (crushed stone from the original material) may form; it may also, after rolling, be covered with a cement or bituminous binder to ...
John Loudon McAdam, 1830, National Gallery, London. John Loudon McAdam (23 September 1756 [1] – 26 November 1836) was a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder. He invented a new process, "macadamisation", for building roads with a smooth hard surface, using controlled materials of mixed particle size and predetermined structure, that would be more durable and less muddy than soil-based tracks.
Tarmacadam is a concrete road surfacing material made by combining tar and macadam (crushed stone and sand), patented by Welsh inventor Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1902. It is a more durable and dust-free enhancement of simple compacted stone macadam surfaces invented by Scottish engineer John Loudon McAdam in the early 19th century.
A road of such material is called a "metalled road" in Britain, a "paved road" in Canada and the US, or a "sealed road" in parts of Canada, Australia and New Zealand. [ 48 ] A granular surface can be used with a traffic volume where the annual average daily traffic is 1,200 vehicles per day or less.
Finally, a third layer of hard broken stone, (about the size of walnuts) was spread by a shovel to produce the surface layer. This system was used continuously in France from 1775 until 1820 when the country changed to the cheaper Macadam method.
Tarmacadam, a mainly historical tar-based material for macadamising road surfaces, patented in 1902; Asphalt concrete, a macadamising material using asphalt instead of tar which has largely superseded tarmacadam; Tarmac colloquial term often applied to any paved surface of an airport, regardless of material, including the Airport apron; Taxiway ...
The wearing course, also known as a friction course or surface course, is the upper layer in roadway, airfield, and dockyard construction. The term 'surface course' is sometimes used slightly different, to describe very thin surface layers such as chip seal. In rigid pavements the upper layer is a portland cement concrete slab.
A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been surfaced or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse.