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Inhibitory control, also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral responses to stimuli (a.k.a. prepotent responses) in order to select a more appropriate behavior that is consistent with completing their goals.
Inhibitory control and working memory are among the earliest executive functions to appear, with initial signs observed in infants, 7 to 12 months old. [ 29 ] [ 30 ] Then in the preschool years, children display a spurt in performance on tasks of inhibition and working memory, usually between the ages of 3 and 5 years.
Behavioral control is an important application of cognitive inhibition in behavioral psychology, as is emotional control. Depression is an example of cognitive inhibition failure in emotion control. Correctly functioning cognitive inhibition would result in reduced selective attention to negative stimuli and retention of negative thoughts.
Example of Stroop color–word task with control, prime and probe trials. The primary two stimulus modalities used for negative priming research are visual and auditory stimulus materials. The stimulus presented varied from objects or symbols in visual field to human voices or artificial sounds.
Reactive inhibition may be important in everyday life during a process in which a decline in performance can be detrimental such as driving a car during rush hour. [2] For example, Kathaus, Washcer, & Getzmann (2018) found that older adults who showed a tendency towards reactive inhibition, determined through electroencephalography measures, showed higher “driving lane variability” and ...
Self-control is an aspect of inhibitory control, one of the core executive functions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Executive functions are cognitive processes that are necessary for regulating one's behavior in order to achieve specific goals .
Inhibitory control is defined as the capacity voluntarily to inhibit or regulate prepotent attentional or behavioral responses. Inhibitory control involves the ability to focus on relevant stimuli in the presence of irrelevant stimuli and to override strong but inappropriate behavioral tendencies.
In psychology, control is a person's ability or perception of their ability to affect themselves, others, their conditions, their environment or some other circumstance. Control over oneself or others can extend to the regulation of emotions , thoughts , actions , impulses , memory , attention or experiences .