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Note any antalgic, trendelenburg, hemiplegic or parkinsonian gait features. Arms, legs and spine. From behind. Inspect for: a straight spine (note any scoliosis), normal paraspinal muscle bulk, symmetrical shoulder and gluteal muscle bulk, symmetry of iliac crests, absence of popliteal swellings, absence of foot or hindfoot swellings.
Spurling's test is somewhat specific when used for individuals with an abnormal electromyogram study and is a relatively sensitive physical examination maneuver in diagnosing cervical spondylosis or acute cervical radiculopathy. It is not a very sensitive test when used for individuals without classic radicular signs suggestive of cervical ...
The sensation can feel like it goes up or down the spine. It is painful for some, although others might simply feel strange sensations. [1] In many people, it is elicited by bending the head forward. [2] It can also be evoked when a practitioner pounds on the cervical spine while the neck is flexed; this is caused by involvement of the ...
Passive accessory intervertebral movements (PAIVM) refers to a spinal physical therapy assessment and treatment technique developed by Geoff Maitland. The purpose of PAIVM is to assess the amount and quality of movement at various intervertebral levels, and to treat pain and stiffness of the cervical and lumbar spine.
PPIVM assessments test the movement available at a specific spinal level through the application of a passive physiological movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Cervical PPIVMs can be performed in cervical lateral flexion or rotation, with the therapist restricting movement beyond a certain cervical level by blocking with the hand; this allows the ...
If the patient is obtunded, i.e. has a head injury with altered sensorium, is intoxicated, or has been given potent analgesics, the cervical spine must remain immobilized until a clinical examination becomes possible. [1] Neurosurgeons or orthopaedic surgeons manage any detected injury. Today, most large centers have spine surgery specialists ...
Radiographs of the cervical spine should be obtained to rule out obvious bony abnormality, and MRI should be considered if there is concern about structural problems or other conditions. Ultrasonography can be used to visualize muscle tissue, with a colour histogram generated to determine cross-sectional area and thickness of the muscle.
Physical examination is used to determine the severity of the disease by examining the extent of observable CSM symptoms. [7] [16] The severity of CSM symptoms indicates of the amount of pressure the cervical spine is under. Physical examination involves flexibility of the neck, strength and reflexes of limb muscles, gait patterns, etc. [12]