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The chair and twist-boat are energy minima and are therefore conformers, while the half-chair and the boat are transition states and represent energy maxima. The idea that the chair conformation is the most stable structure for cyclohexane was first proposed as early as 1890 by Hermann Sachse, but only gained widespread acceptance much later.
Cyclohexyl chloride (or chlorocyclohexane) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon with the formula (CH 2) 5 CHCl. It is a colorless liquid. It is a colorless liquid. Cyclohexyl chloride can be prepared from cyclohexanol by treatment with hydrogen chloride .
If SVG files are required, it is recommended that structure diagrams be exported as enhanced metafiles (.emf) which can be read by Inkscape and other image editors. From the "Options" menu, choose "Set Structure Drawing Style" → ACS Style; Draw the structure or reaction diagram; Export the file as PNG or EMF for further processing (see below)
For example, the industrial production of chloroethane proceeds by the reaction of ethylene with HCl: H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 → ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl + H 2 O.
Molecular structure diagrams used in drug-related pharmacology articles should be created using a molecule editor program, such as ChemDraw, ChemSketch, or ISIS/Draw (ChemDraw and Isis/draw are commercial software packages, ChemSketch is freeware.
If we hold carbon atoms 1, 2, and 3 stationary, with the correct bond lengths and the tetrahedral angle between the two bonds, and then continue by adding carbon atoms 4, 5, and 6 with the correct bond length and the tetrahedral angle, we can vary the three dihedral angles for the sequences (2,3,4), (3,4,5), and (4,5,6).
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −C n H 2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −C n H 2n−1. [2] Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group.
The common atom that connects the two (or sometimes three) rings is called the spiro atom. [2]: SP-0 In carbocyclic spiro compounds like spiro[5.5]undecane, the spiro-atom is a quaternary carbon , and as the -ane ending implies, these are the types of molecules to which the name spirane was first applied (though it is now used general of all ...