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The knee joint contains two crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures, the menisci (medial and lateral), which serve as shock absorbers and stabilize the joint during movement. Each meniscus has an outer vascular zone (red-red zone), which has a good blood supply and healing potential as well as a central avascular zone (white-white zone ...
[1] [6] Diagnosis is generally based on symptom and physical examination. [1] When the deep bursa is involved, bending the knee generally increases the pain. [2] Other conditions that may appear similar include patellar tendonitis and prepatellar bursitis. [5] Treatment is generally by rest, alternating between ice and heat, and NSAIDs. [1]
The knee examination, in medicine and physiotherapy, is performed as part of a physical examination, or when a patient presents with knee pain or a history that suggests a pathology of the knee joint. The exam includes several parts: position/lighting/draping; inspection; palpation; motion
In medicine, Clarke's test (also known as the Osmond-Clarke test or patellar grind test) is a component of knee examination which may be used to test for patellofemoral pain syndrome, chondromalacia patellae, patellofemoral arthritis, or anterior knee pain. It is not a standard part of the knee examination but is used to diagnose anterior knee ...
Knee arthritis diagnosis Your doctor will conduct a physical exam to check for signs of pain, stiffness, or swelling. They will then order X-rays for your knees to identify any mechanical problems.
Athletes are advised to talk to a physician for further medical diagnosis, as symptoms may be similar to more serious problems within the knee. Tests are not necessarily needed for diagnosis, but in some situations they may confirm diagnosis or rule out other causes for pain. Commonly used tests are blood tests, MRI scans, and arthroscopy. [13]
The Active Instability Test, knee pain during stair climbing, Clarke's test, pain with prolonged sitting, patellar inferior pole tilt, and pain during squatting have demonstrated the best accuracy. [20] However, careful consideration is still needed when using these tests to make a differential diagnosis of PFPS. [20]
Pain is generally just below the kneecap. [2] Symptoms may worsen if the knee is overly straightened or bent for too long a period. [2] Complications may include an inability to fully straighten the knee. [2] The underlying mechanism may involve bleeding, inflammation, or insufficient space for the fat pad. [2]
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