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The school curriculum promoted Fascist mysticism based on the philosophy of Fideism, [1] [2] [3] the belief that faith and reason were incompatible; Fascist mythology was to be accepted as a "metareality". [4] In 1932, Mussolini described Fascism as "a religious concept of life", saying that Fascists formed a "spiritual community". [4]
Mussolini's belief in Italy's destino to rule the Mediterranean led him to neglect serious planning for a war with the Western powers. [134] He was held back from full alignment with Berlin by Italy's economic and military unpreparedness and his desire to use the Easter Accords of April 1938 to split Britain from France. [135]
Fascist mysticism (Italian: Mistica fascista) was a current of political and religious thought in Fascist Italy, based on Fideism, [1] [2] [3] a belief that faith existed without reason, and that Fascism should be based on a mythology and spiritual mysticism. A School of Fascist Mysticism was founded in Milan on April 10, 1930. Active until ...
According to historian Zeev Sternhell, "most syndicalist leaders were among the founders of the fascist movement", who in later years gained key posts in Mussolini's regime. [100] Mussolini expressed great admiration for the ideas of Georges Sorel , [ 101 ] who he claimed was instrumental in birthing the core principles of Italian fascism. [ 102 ]
The Doctrine of Fascism by Benito Mussolini Complete text of the essay "Dottrina" (Doctrines). A translation of the Benito Mussolini "Doctrines" section of the "Fascism" entry in the 1932 edition of the Enciclopedia Italiana. From the publication Fascism: Doctrine and Institutions, by Benito Mussolini, 1935, 'Ardita' Publishers, Rome. Footnote ...
Mussolini did attempt to read Mein Kampf to find out what Hitler's National Socialist movement was, but was immediately disappointed, saying that Mein Kampf was "a boring tome that I have never been able to read" and remarked that Hitler's beliefs were "little more than commonplace clichés". [100]
It was supposedly coined by Don Luigi Sturzo, a priest and Christian democrat leader who opposed Mussolini and went into exile in 1924, [1] although the term had also been used before Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922 to refer to Catholics in Northern Italy who advocated a synthesis of Roman Catholicism and fascism. [2]
While Italian fascism based its conception of race on spiritual and cultural factors, Mussolini explicitly rejected the belief that biologically "pure" races were still considered a relevant factor in racial classifications. [18] He claimed that italianità had assimilatory capacity. [18]