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The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance. Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons ...
Jet fuel is a gas turbine fuel used in propeller and jet fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters. It has a low viscosity at low temperature, has limited ranges of density and calorific value , burns cleanly, and remains chemically stable when heated to high temperature.
This imposes limitations on the amount of fuel carried and the order in which fuel must be used. Turbine engines burn fuel faster than reciprocating engines do. Because fuel needs to be injected in to a combustor, the injection system of a turbine aircraft must provide fuel at higher pressure and flow compared to that for a piston engine aircraft.
An aviation biofuel (also known as bio-jet fuel, [89] sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) or bio-aviation fuel (BAF) [90]) is a biofuel used to power aircraft. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) considers it a key element in reducing the environmental impact of aviation. [91]
The desire for a less flammable, less hazardous fuel led the U.S. Air Force to phase out JP-4 in favor of JP-8; the transition for USAF operations in Great Britain was made in 1979, and the change was completed throughout the USAF by the end of 1995. [2]
Diagram of a typical gas turbine jet engine. Air is compressed by the compressor blades as it enters the engine, and it is mixed and burned with fuel in the combustion section. The hot exhaust gases provide forward thrust and turn the turbines which drive the compressor blades. 1. Intake 2. Low pressure compression 3. High pressure compression ...
An Overview of Military Jet Engine History, Appendix B, pp. 97–120, in Military Jet Engine Acquisition (Rand Corp., 24 pp, PDF) Basic jet engine tutorial (QuickTime Video) An article on how reaction engine works; The Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine and Its Operation: Installation Engineering. East Hartford, Connecticut: United Aircraft Corporation.
Airbreathing jet engines are nearly always internal combustion engines that obtain propulsion from the combustion of fuel inside the engine. Oxygen present in the atmosphere is used to oxidise a fuel source, typically a hydrocarbon-based jet fuel. [1] The burning mixture expands greatly in volume, driving heated air through a propelling nozzle.