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INR self-monitoring is a medical kit that is used by patients both on long-term and on lifetime anti-coagulation therapy to measure their INR (International Normalized Ratio) levels themselves at your premises without going to a clinic. People who self-monitor their INR levels use a portable INR monitor as in a clinic.
The prothrombin time (PT) – along with its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) – is an assay for evaluating the extrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation. This blood test is also called protime INR and PT/INR.
INR self-monitoring with one blood drop. The INR is too high and the warfarine dose must be decreased. Anticoagulation with warfarin can also be monitored by patients at home. International guidelines on home testing were published in 2005. [35] The guidelines stated: [35]
Impedance–pH monitoring; INR self-monitoring; Interventional magnetic resonance imaging; Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring; M. Molecular xenomonitoring;
An elevated INR in patients with liver disease, however, does not necessarily mean the patient has a tendency to bleed, as it only measures procoagulants and not anticoagulants. In liver disease the synthesis of both are decreased and some patients are even found to be hypercoagulable (increased tendency to clot) despite an elevated INR.
Bleeding time may be affected by platelet function, certain vascular disorders and von Willebrand Disease—not by other coagulation factors such as haemophilia.Diseases that may cause prolonged bleeding time include thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Bernard-Soulier disease, and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
Regular monitoring of blood glucose and optimal glucose control is a major part of diabetes self-management. Diabetes patients need to be capable of testing blood sugar at home at the recommended frequency. [6] Frequent self- monitoring of blood glucose and record keeping is key to identifying the possibility of hypoglycemia. [11]
The monitoring of warfarin and keeping the international normalized ratio (INR) between 2.0 and 3.0, along with avoiding over and under treatment, has driven a search for an alternative. [3] [14] A naturally occurring inhibitor of factor Xa was reported in 1971 by Spellman et al. from the dog hookworm. [15]
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