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Takeoff and Landing Performance Assessment (TALPA) is a method used by airport operators to determine runway conditions for takeoff and landing. It produces a Field Condition report that allows pilots to assess braking action when the runway is not dry.
A Takeoff Acceleration Monitoring System automates the pilot monitoring of Distance to Go (DTG), "to sense, in a timely fashion the development of insufficient acceleration, which would extend the takeoff roll, perhaps precipitously". [1] Over the years, recommendations have been made to develop a Take Off Performance Management System.
In discussions of the takeoff performance of military aircraft, the term V ref stands for refusal speed. Refusal speed is the maximum speed during takeoff from which the air vehicle can stop within the available remaining runway length for a specified altitude, weight, and configuration. [ 19 ]
Remember the takeoff weight components contributions: O E W + P L + F O B = T O W {\displaystyle OEW+PL+FOB=TOW} Where OEW is the Operating Empty Weight (that is a charactersitic of the plane), PL is the Payload actually embarqued, and FOB the Fuel actually embarqued and TOW the actual take-off weight.
Ski-jumps can be used in two ways: Short Take-Off But Arrested Recovery for conventional, tailhook-equipped naval aircraft; and Short Take-Off, Vertical Landing for V/STOL aircraft. Catapult-equipped aircraft carriers have become a minority in the 21st century in part because ski-jump operations are simpler and cost less.
Type MTOW [kg] MLW [tonnes] TOR [m] LR [m] ICAO category FAA category; Antonov An-225: 640,000: 591.7: 3,500: Super: Super Scaled Composites Model 351 Stratolaunch
Avro Lancaster pre-takeoff checks. [3] UNOS (in the Northern hemisphere) - Undershoot North, Overshoot South. To compensate for magnetic dip when turning. ONUS in the Southern hemisphere. [1] UPRT - upset recovery technique
Since 2020, there are four categories, based on maximum certificated take-off mass: [1]: 4-12 [2] Light (L) — aircraft types of 7,000 kg or less. Medium (M) — aircraft types more than 7,000 kg but less than 136,000 kg; and; Heavy (H) — all aircraft types of 136,000 kg or more, with the exception of aircraft types in Super (J) category; and