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It mostly affects young to middle-aged female dogs, [9] as the average age at diagnosis being four years old (although it has been found in puppies and dogs up to twelve years old). About seventy percent of dogs that are diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism are female. [9] Hypoadrenocorticism is still relatively uncommon or underdiagnosed in dogs.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) can cause liver damage in dogs. The toxic dose is 150 mg/kg. [174] Ibuprofen * can cause gastrointestinal irritation, stomach ulcers, and kidney damage in dogs. [175] Naproxen (Aleve)* has a long half-life in dogs and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, anemia, melena (digested blood in feces), and vomiting.
Suspected causes include abnormal responses to bacteria or bacterial endotoxin, or a hypersensitivity to food. [2] Pathologically there is an increase in the permeability of the intestinal lining and a leakage of blood and proteins into the bowel. Clostridium perfringens has been found in large numbers in the intestines of many affected dogs. [1]
General signs and symptoms include depression, fever, weight loss, loss of appetite, loss of hair or fur and vomiting. Lymphoma is the most common cancerous cause of hypercalcemia (high blood calcium levels) in dogs. [9] It can lead to the above signs and symptoms plus increased water drinking, increased urination, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also called gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIB), is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. [9] When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood , vomiting black blood , bloody stool , or black stool . [ 1 ]
Gastrointestinal bleeding, occurring especially during ulcerative colitis relapse, can contribute to anemia when chronic, and may be life-threatening when acute. To limit the possible risk of dietary intake disturbing hemostasis in acute gastrointestinal bleeding, temporary fasting is often considered necessary in hospital settings. [88]
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The symptoms of Cushing's in cats is similar to that of dogs. [8] For cats the most common reason for referral resulting in a diagnosis is diabetes mellitus . Abnormal dermatological findings were the most common reason for referral after physical examination in cats.