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Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time.
[8] [9] [11] In February 2023, the indication was updated to include the treatment of people with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. [ 10 ] [ 20 ] The medication is given through a subcutaneous infusion for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and through intravitreal injection for age-related macular degeneration.
This includes early and intermediate forms of AMD, as well as the advanced form of dry AMD known as geographic atrophy. Dry AMD patients tend to have minimal symptoms in the earlier stages; visual function loss occurs more often if the condition advances to geographic atrophy. Dry AMD accounts for 80–90% of cases and tends to progress slowly.
Lampalizumab is an antigen-binding fragment of a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to complement factor D; it was developed as a potential treatment of geographic atrophy (atrophy of the retinal cells, retinal pigment epithelium, and choriocapillaris) secondary to age-related macular degeneration.
geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration Lanadelumab [41] Takhzyro: mab: human: kallikrein: Y: angioedema: Landogrozumab [12] mab: humanized: GDF-8: muscle wasting disorders Laprituximab emtansine [41] mab: chimeric: epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Larcaviximab [28] mab: chimeric: ebolavirus glycoprotein: Ebola ...
The ability to give sight to a blind person via a bionic eye depends on the circumstances surrounding the loss of sight. For retinal prostheses, which are the most prevalent visual prosthetic under development (due to ease of access to the retina among other considerations), patients with vision loss due to degeneration of photoreceptors (retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, geographic atrophy ...
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
The name non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is derived from several medical terms that describe the condition: [3]. Non-arteritic: Indicates that the condition is not related to inflammation or damage of the arteries, which would be arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.