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In aviation, a flight level (FL) is an aircraft's altitude as determined by a pressure altimeter using the International Standard Atmosphere. It is expressed in hundreds of feet or metres . The altimeter setting used is the ISA sea level pressure of 1013 hPa or 29.92 inHg .
The maximal total range is the maximum distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing. Powered aircraft range is limited by the aviation fuel energy storage capacity (chemical or electrical) considering both weight and volume limits. [1] Unpowered aircraft range depends on factors such as cross-country speed and environmental conditions.
In aviation, endurance is the maximum length of time that an aircraft can spend in cruising flight. In other words, it is the amount of time an aircraft can stay in the air with one load of fuel. [1] Endurance is different from range, which is a measure of distance flown.
The distance formula, distance = rate * time, is used by the DME receiver to calculate its distance from the DME ground station. The rate in the calculation is the velocity of the radio pulse, which is the speed of light (roughly 300,000,000 m/s or 186,000 mi/s).
While named after Theodore von Kármán, who calculated a theoretical limit of altitude for airplane flight at 83.8 km (52.1 mi) above Earth, the later established Kármán line is more general and has no distinct physical significance, in that there is a rather gradual difference between the characteristics of the atmosphere at the line, and ...
The airplane's Pilot Operating Handbook has a table of fuel burned, time, and distance to reach a given altitude from sea level. To calculate the values for airport at 900 m (3,000 ft), you subtract the values for sea level to 900 m (3,000 ft) from the sea level to cruise altitude. [1]
V x increases with altitude and V Y decreases with altitude until they converge at the airplane's absolute ceiling, the altitude above which the airplane cannot climb in steady flight. The Cessna 172 is a four-seat aircraft. At maximum weight it has a V Y of 75 kn (139 km/h) indicated airspeed [4] providing a rate of climb of 721 ft/min (3.66 m/s).
This is important for clearing an obstacle, and therefore is the speed a pilot uses when executing a "short field" takeoff. V X increases with altitude, and V Y decreases with altitude until they converge at the airplane's absolute ceiling. Best angle of climb (BAOC) airspeed for an airplane is the speed at which the maximum excess thrust is