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The Golgi apparatus (/ ˈ ɡ ɒ l dʒ i /), also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. [1] Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm , it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination.
Molecules are also transported to endosomes from the trans Golgi network and either continue to lysosomes or recycle back to the Golgi apparatus. Endosomes can be classified as early, sorting, or late depending on their stage post internalization. [1] Endosomes represent a major sorting compartment of the endomembrane system in cells. [2]
Then the protein passes through the golgi apparatus, where it is packaged into a vesicle. In the vesicle, more parts are cut off, and it turns into mature insulin. In molecular biology, post-translational modification (PTM) is the covalent process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis.
Golgi apparatus: The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and package the macromolecules such as proteins and lipids that are synthesized by the cell. Lysosomes and peroxisomes: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases). They digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
The Golgi apparatus (also known as the Golgi body and the Golgi complex) is composed of separate sacs called cisternae. Its shape is similar to a stack of pancakes. The number of these stacks varies with the specific function of the cell. The Golgi apparatus is used by the cell for further protein modification.
Golgi's method is a silver staining technique that is used to visualize nervous tissue under light microscopy. The method was discovered by Camillo Golgi , an Italian physician and scientist , who published the first picture made with the technique in 1873. [ 1 ]
The Golgi matrix is a collection of proteins involved in the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus. [1] [2] [3] The matrix was first isolated in 1994 as an amorphous collection of 12 proteins that remained associated together in the presence of detergent (which removed Golgi membranes) and 150 m M NaCl (which removed weakly associated proteins). [4]
The cell bodies of Golgi type I neurons are medium-to-large. [24] A Golgi type I neuron has a long axon that begins in the grey matter of the central nervous system and may extend from there. Their cell bodies were mostly multipolar, yet occasionally they might have been triangular in shape and lacking any appendages or spines.