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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Effects of menopause can include symptoms such as hot flashes , accelerated skin aging, vaginal dryness , decreased muscle mass , and ...
Water retention during the premenstrual cycle can be linked to the use of conventional oral contraceptives. This is due to them containing estrogen and progestin. [14] Synthetic progestin lacks the ability to antagonize mineralocorticoid receptors, leading to more sodium and water retention and subsequently, temporary weight gain. [15]
PMS does not produce symptoms during pregnancy or following menopause. [1] Diagnosis requires a consistent pattern of emotional and physical symptoms occurring after ovulation and before menstruation to a degree that interferes with normal life. [3] Emotional symptoms must not be present during the initial part of the menstrual cycle. [3]
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should be offered as the first treatment to ease menopause symptoms such as hot flushes and night sweats, according to the latest advice from health watchdog NICE.
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), also known as bioidentical hormone therapy (BHT) or natural hormone therapy, is the use of hormones that are identical on a molecular level with endogenous hormones in hormone replacement therapy. [1]
Hypoestrogenism, or estrogen deficiency, refers to a lower than normal level of estrogen. It is an umbrella term used to describe estrogen deficiency in various conditions. Estrogen deficiency is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, [1] and has been linked to diseases like urinary tract infections [2] and osteoporosis.
Then other symptoms — such as bloating and spotting between periods — began. Foreman wondered if these signs were related, and she followed up with her OB-GYN who eventually suggested Foreman ...
[14] [8] Estradiol cypionate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [8] [7] Estradiol cypionate is an estrogen ester and a long-lasting prodrug of estradiol in the body. [14] [8] [7] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of estrogen ...