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American researchers made fundamental advances in telecommunications and information technology. For example, AT&T 's Bell Laboratories spearheaded the American technological revolution with a series of inventions including the light emitting diode ( LED ), the transistor , the C programming language , and the UNIX computer operating system.
The boundless optimism and belief in science and progress that characterized the 1950s–60s quickly eroded and gave way to a general cynicism and distrust of technology among Americans, fueled by growing concern over the negative effects on the environment by air and water pollution from automobiles and manufacturing, especially events such as ...
Since 1950, Americans have won approximately half of the Nobel Prizes awarded in the sciences. [15] See the List of Nobel laureates by country. The American Brain Gain continued throughout the Cold War, as tensions steadily escalated in the Eastern Bloc, resulting in a steady trickle of defectors, refugees and emigrants. The partition of ...
The Whole Earth movement of the 1960s advocated the use of new technology. [25] In the 1970s, the home computer was introduced, [26] time-sharing computers, [27] the video game console, the first coin-op video games, [28] [29] and the golden age of arcade video games began with Space Invaders.
1960 US A working MOSFET is built by a team at Bell Labs. E. E. LaBate and E. I. Povilonis made the device; M. O. Thurston, L. A. D’Asaro, and J. R. Ligenza developed the diffusion processes, and H. K. Gummel and R. Lindner characterized the device. [12] [13] 1960: US EUR ALGOL, first structured, procedural, programming language to be ...
By 1960, magnetic core was the dominant memory technology, although there were still some new machines using drums and delay lines during the 1960s. Magnetic thin film and rod memory were used on some second-generation machines, but advances in core technology meant they remained niche players until semiconductor memory displaced both core and ...
Between 1945 and 1960, GNP grew by 250%, expenditures on new construction multiplied nine times, and consumption on personal services increased three times. By 1960, per capita income was 35% higher than in 1945, and America had entered what the economist Walt Rostow referred to as the "high mass consumption" stage of economic development ...
The following articles cover the timeline of United States inventions: Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890), before the turn of the century; Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945), before World War II; Timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991), during the Cold War