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  2. 3-sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-sphere

    Direct projection of 3-sphere into 3D space and covered with surface grid, showing structure as stack of 3D spheres (2-spheres) In mathematics, a hypersphere or 3-sphere is a 4-dimensional analogue of a sphere, and is the 3-dimensional n-sphere. In 4-dimensional Euclidean space, it is the set of points equidistant from a fixed central point.

  3. Sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere

    S ‍ 3: a 3-sphere is a sphere in 4-dimensional Euclidean space. Spheres for n > 2 are sometimes called hyperspheres. The n-sphere of unit radius centered at the origin is denoted S ‍ n and is often referred to as "the" n-sphere. The ordinary sphere is a 2-sphere, because it is a 2-dimensional surface which is embedded in 3-dimensional space.

  4. n-sphere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-sphere

    In mathematics, an n-sphere or hypersphere is an ⁠ ⁠-dimensional generalization of the ⁠ ⁠-dimensional circle and ⁠ ⁠-dimensional sphere to any non-negative integer ⁠ ⁠. The circle is considered 1-dimensional, and the sphere 2-dimensional, because the surfaces themselves are 1- and 2-dimensional respectively, not because they ...

  5. Spherical geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_geometry

    In the extrinsic 3-dimensional picture, a great circle is the intersection of the sphere with any plane through the center. In the intrinsic approach, a great circle is a geodesic; a shortest path between any two of its points provided they are close enough. Or, in the (also intrinsic) axiomatic approach analogous to Euclid's axioms of plane ...

  6. List of mathematical shapes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_shapes

    Tessellations of euclidean and hyperbolic space may also be considered regular polytopes. Note that an 'n'-dimensional polytope actually tessellates a space of one dimension less. For example, the (three-dimensional) platonic solids tessellate the 'two'-dimensional 'surface' of the sphere.

  7. Three-dimensional space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_space

    Another type of sphere arises from a 4-ball, whose three-dimensional surface is the 3-sphere: points equidistant to the origin of the euclidean space R 4. If a point has coordinates, P ( x , y , z , w ) , then x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + w 2 = 1 characterizes those points on the unit 3-sphere centered at the origin.

  8. Point groups in three dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_groups_in_three...

    Topologically, this Lie group is the 3-dimensional sphere S 3.) The preimage of a finite point group is called a binary polyhedral group, represented as l,n,m , and is called by the same name as its point group, with the prefix binary, with double the order of the related polyhedral group (l,m,n).

  9. Poincaré conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincaré_conjecture

    Every three-dimensional topological manifold which is closed, connected, and has trivial fundamental group is homeomorphic to the three-dimensional sphere. Familiar shapes, such as the surface of a ball (which is known in mathematics as the two-dimensional sphere) or of a torus, are two-dimensional. The surface of a ball has trivial fundamental ...

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