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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a type of dialysis that uses the peritoneum in a person's abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with the blood. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is used to remove excess fluid, correct electrolyte problems , and remove toxins in those with kidney failure . [ 3 ]
Faecal peritonitis results from the presence of faeces in the peritoneal cavity. It can result from abdominal trauma and occurs if the large bowel is perforated during surgery. [11] Disruption of the peritoneum, even in the absence of perforation of a hollow viscus, may also cause infection simply by letting micro-organisms into the peritoneal ...
Two types of infection directly related to peritoneal dialysis are peritonitis and infections where the catheter exits the abdomen (exit-site infections). Peritonitis is an infection usually caused by bacteria that have entered the peritoneum, often through the catheter.
The catheter and its attachments emerge from underneath the skin. The exit site is typically located in the chest, making the access ports less visible than catheters that protrude directly from the neck. Passing the catheter under the skin helps to prevent infection and provides stability.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the development of a bacterial infection in the peritoneum, despite the absence of an obvious source for the infection. [1] It is specifically an infection of the ascitic fluid – an increased volume of peritoneal fluid. [2] Ascites is most commonly a complication of cirrhosis of the liver. [1]
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis can also occur in patients who are not on peritoneal dialysis but are suffering from other illnesses like endometriosis, sarcoidosis, peritoneal and intra-abdominal cancers, chronic peritoneal ascites, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, intraperitoneal exposure to particulate matter or disinfectant, abdominal ...
The term "non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease" (NDD-CKD) is a designation used to encompass the status of those persons with an established CKD who do not yet require the life-supporting treatments for kidney failure known as kidney replacement therapy (RRT, including maintenance dialysis or kidney transplantation).
Treatment of chronic failure may include hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or a kidney transplant. [2] Hemodialysis uses a machine to filter the blood outside the body. [2] In peritoneal dialysis specific fluid is placed into the abdominal cavity and then drained, with this process being repeated multiple times per day. [2]
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