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2-Chlorobutane, along with other alkyl halides, is a useful intermediate in many different organic reactions. The halogen group is an effective leaving group, leading to its use in both elimination and substitution reactions. In addition, the compound is also a candidate for coupling reactions via a Grignard reagent.
Although the specifics vary depending on the compound, in simple disubstituted arenes, the three isomers tend to have rather similar boiling points. However, the para isomer usually has the highest melting point, and the lowest solubility in a given solvent, of the three isomers. [1]
The two isomers are extremely difficult to separate by distillation because of the proximity of their boiling points (~4 °C for cis and ~1 °C for trans [5]). However, separation is unnecessary in most industrial settings, as both isomers behave similarly in most of the desired reactions.
Functional isomers are structural isomers which have different functional groups, resulting in significantly different chemical and physical properties. [ 11 ] An example is the pair propanal H 3 C–CH 2 –C(=O)-H and acetone H 3 C–C(=O)–CH 3 : the first has a –C(=O)H functional group, which makes it an aldehyde , whereas the second has ...
Number of isomers [3] [4] Number of isomers including stereoisomers [3] [5] Molecular Formula Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride ...
Discounting isomers that are equivalent under rotations, there are nine isomers that differ by this criterion, and behave as different stable substances (two of them being enantiomers of each other). The most common one in nature ( myo -inositol) has the hydroxyls on carbons 1, 2, 3 and 5 on the same side of that plane, and can therefore be ...
(Here M is a metal atom, and X and Y are two different types of ligands.) In the cis isomer, the two Y ligands are adjacent to each other at 90°, as is true for the two chlorine atoms shown in green in cis-[Co(NH 3) 4 Cl 2] +, at left. In the trans isomer shown at right, the two Cl atoms are on opposite sides of the central Co atom.
In organic chemistry, two molecules are valence isomers when they are constitutional isomers that can interconvert through pericyclic reactions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Benzene