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  2. Suffering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering

    A second caveat is that the terms physical or mental should not be taken too literally: physical pain or suffering, as a matter of fact, happens through conscious minds and involves emotional aspects, while mental pain or suffering happens through physical brains and, being an emotion, involves important physiological aspects.

  3. Duḥkha - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duḥkha

    Dukkha-dukkha, aversion to physical suffering – this includes the physical and mental sufferings of birth, aging, illness, dying; distress due to what is not desirable. Viparinama-dukkha , the frustration of disappearing happiness – this is the duḥkha of pleasant or happy experiences changing to unpleasant when the causes and conditions ...

  4. Vedanā - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedanā

    Vedanā (Pāli and Sanskrit: वेदना) is an ancient term traditionally translated as either "feeling" [1] or "sensation." [2] In general, vedanā refers to the pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sensations that occur when our internal sense organs come into contact with external sense objects and the associated consciousness.

  5. Pleasure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasure

    In everyday language, the term "pleasure" is primarily associated with sensory pleasures like the enjoyment of food or sex. [7] One traditionally important quality-theory closely follows this association by holding that pleasure is a sensation. On the simplest version of the sensation theory, whenever we experience pleasure there is a ...

  6. Negativity bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negativity_bias

    The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.

  7. Negative utilitarianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_utilitarianism

    The second is that "instead of counting past preferences, one could look at the matter in terms of life-goals. The earlier the death of a person who wants to go on living, the more unfulfilled her life-goal." [6] The Negative Utilitarianism FAQ also replies to Arrhenius and Bykvist's second type of criticism. The reply is (in part) that the ...

  8. Euphemism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphemism

    A euphemism (/ ˈ juː f ə m ɪ z əm / YOO-fə-miz-əm) is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that is deemed offensive or suggests something unpleasant. [1] Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay.

  9. Hedonic treadmill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonic_treadmill

    Hedonic adaptation is an event or mechanism that reduces the affective impact of substantial emotional events. Generally, hedonic adaptation involves a happiness "set point", whereby humans generally maintain a constant level of happiness throughout their lives, despite events that occur in their environment.