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  2. Secure Hash Algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Hash_Algorithms

    The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including: SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA". It was ...

  3. Message authentication code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code

    In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking a message. In other words, it is used to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity).

  4. Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function

    SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.

  5. List of hash functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hash_functions

    hash HAS-160: 160 bits hash HAVAL: 128 to 256 bits hash JH: 224 to 512 bits hash LSH [19] 256 to 512 bits wide-pipe Merkle–Damgård construction: MD2: 128 bits hash MD4: 128 bits hash MD5: 128 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: MD6: up to 512 bits Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling ...

  6. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted.

  7. Salt (cryptography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography)

    The salt and hash are then stored in the database. To later test if a password a user enters is correct, the same process can be performed on it (appending that user's salt to the password and calculating the resultant hash): if the result does not match the stored hash, it could not have been the correct password that was entered.

  8. Digest access authentication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digest_access_authentication

    The encoding is equivalent to "MD5" and "MD5-sess" algorithms, with MD5 hashing function replaced with SHA-256 and SHA-512-256. However, as of July 2021, none of popular browsers, including Firefox [2] and Chrome, [3] support SHA-256 as the hash function.

  9. Hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

    A mid-squares hash code is produced by squaring the input and extracting an appropriate number of middle digits or bits. For example, if the input is 123 456 789 and the hash table size 10 000, then squaring the key produces 15 241 578 750 190 521, so the hash code is taken as the middle 4 digits of the 17-digit number (ignoring the high digit ...