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The first FWPCA was enacted in 1948, but took on its modern form when completely rewritten in 1972 in an act entitled the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. [4] [1] Major changes have subsequently been introduced via amendatory legislation including the Clean Water Act of 1977 [5] and the Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987. [6]
1973 – Endangered Species Act (amended 1978, 1982) 1974 – Safe Drinking Water Act (amended 1986, 1996) 1975 – Hazardous Materials Transportation Act; 1976 – Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) (amended 1984, 1996) 1976 – Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) (amended 2016) 1977 – Clean Water Act (amended FWPCA of 1972)
The Safe Drinking Water Act is the principal federal law governing public water systems. [1] These systems provide drinking water through pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections, or serve an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year. As of 2017 there are over 151,000 public water systems. [2]
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the primary federal law in the United States intended to ensure safe drinking water for the public. [3] Pursuant to the act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to set standards for drinking water quality and oversee all states, localities, and water suppliers that implement the standards.
Throughout the years, many studies reported dose-dependent effects of arsenic in drinking water and skin cancer. In order to prevent new cases and death from cancerous and non-cancerous diseases, the Safe Drinking Water Act directed the Environmental Protection Agency to revise arsenic's levels and specified the maximum contaminant level (MCL).
Arsenic is a naturally occurring substance that’s found in the air, water, and soil, per the National Cancer Institute (NCI). It’s divided into organic and inorganic arsenic, with inorganic ...
New testing showed the water was clear of arsenic, a recent voicemail promised, but the testing was incomplete — and a disease-causing bacteria, Legionella, might have surfaced in the water.
In 2016, more than 5,000 drinking water systems were found to be in violation of the lead and copper rule. [56] Congress passed the Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water Act in 2011. This amendment to the SDWA, effective in 2014, tightened the definition of "lead-free" plumbing fixtures and fittings. [57]