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The specificity theory, which states that pain is "a specific sensation, with its own sensory apparatus independent of touch and other senses," [8] emerged in the nineteenth century, but had been prefigured by the work of Avicenna and Descartes.
Combining early concepts derived from the specificity theory and the peripheral pattern theory, the gate control theory is considered to be one of the most influential theories of pain. This theory provided a neural basis which reconciled the specificity and pattern theories -- and ultimately revolutionized pain research.
Specificity theory saw pain as "a specific sensation, with its own sensory apparatus independent of touch and other senses". [44] Another theory that came to prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries was intensive theory , which conceived of pain not as a unique sensory modality, but an emotional state produced by stronger than normal stimuli ...
Another type of pain, known as neuropathic pain, is caused by a direct problem or disease that affects the nerves in the central nervous system. [11] The sensory pathways the WDR neurons can play a role in. A subset of this neuropathic pain, known as chronic neuropathic pain, is characterized by its long lasting and high pain intensity.
The Gate Control Theory of Pain, first proposed in the 1960s by Melzack and Wall, states that the concurrent activation of tactile afferent nerve fibers inhibits activation of nociceptive afferent fibres. [1] Melzack and Wall suggested that a gating mechanism is present in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
Ronald Melzack OC OQ FRSC (July 19, 1929 – December 22, 2019) was a Canadian psychologist and professor of psychology at McGill University. [1] [2] In 1965, he and Patrick David Wall re-charged pain research by introducing the gate control theory of pain.
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Maximilian (Max) Ruppert Franz von Frey (16 November 1852 – 25 January 1932) was an Austrian-German physiologist who was born in Salzburg.. He received his doctorate from the University of Leipzig in 1877, and subsequently worked at Carl Ludwig's Physiological Institute in Leipzig.