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Prostatic artery embolization (PAE, or prostate artery embolisation) is a non-surgical technique for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). [1]The procedure involves blocking the blood flow of small branches of the prostatic arteries using microparticles injected via a small catheter, [2] to decrease the size of the prostate gland to reduce lower urinary tract symptoms.
However, prostatic edema is expected after microwave therapy, and this can lead to a risk of urinary retention. While some protocols suggest leaving a Foley catheter in for up to two weeks in all patients, other urologists are choosing to place a temporary prostatic stent after the first week following treatment. The stent is worn for 30 days ...
A 2012 UK trial of focal HIFU on 41 patients reported no histological evidence of cancer in 77% of men treated (95% confidence interval: 61–89%) at 12 month targeted biopsy, and a low rate of genitourinary side effects. [41] However, this does not necessarily mean that 77% of men were definitively cured of prostate cancer, since systematic ...
These procedures generally use lower frequencies than medical diagnostic ultrasound (from 0.7 to 2 MHz), but higher the frequency means lower the focusing energy. HIFU treatment is often guided by MRI. Focused ultrasound may be used to dissolve kidney stones by lithotripsy. Ultrasound may be used for cataract treatment by phacoemulsification.
If medical treatment does not reduce a patient's urinary symptoms, a TURP may be considered following a careful examination of the prostate or bladder through a cystoscope. If TURP is contraindicated, a urologist may consider a simple prostatectomy, in and out catheters, or a supra-pubic catheter to help a patient void urine effectively. [3]
Involution is the shrinking or return of an organ to a former size. At a cellular level, involution is characterized by the process of proteolysis of the basement membrane (basal lamina), leading to epithelial regression and apoptosis, with accompanying stromal fibrosis. The consequent reduction in cell number and reorganization of stromal ...
LDR prostate brachytherapy (seed or line source implantation) is a proven treatment for low to high risk localized prostate cancer (when the cancer is contained within the prostate). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Under a general anaesthetic, the radioactive seeds are injected through fine needles directly into the prostate , so that the radiotherapy can destroy ...
Additionally many prostate cancers detected by screening develop so slowly that they would not cause problems during a man's lifetime, making the complications due to treatment unnecessary. The most frequent side effect of the procedure is blood in the urine (31%). [2] Other side effects may include infection (0.9%) and death (0.2%). [2]
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