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Golfer's elbow, or medial epicondylitis, is tendinosis (or more precisely enthesopathy) of the medial common flexor tendon on the inside of the elbow. [1] It is similar to tennis elbow , which affects the outside of the elbow at the lateral epicondyle.
Palpating the medial and lateral epicondyles to assess for pain or tenderness can help determine whether the epicondylitis is medial or lateral, and what muscle group is overused. A common diagnostic test utilized for lateral epicondylitis is to assess resisted wrist extension, along with resistance to the middle finger.
Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, colloquially known as Tommy John surgery, is a surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's body, or with one from a deceased donor.
The medial epicondyle is often the final growth plate (ossification center) to ossify in the elbow. Growth plates are particularly vulnerable to injury compared to bone. Children can have an open medial epicondyle growth plate until age 13–17 years old, thus making the medial epicondyle more susceptible to injury. [3]
Schematic diagram of the medial side of the elbow showing the ulnar nerve passing through the cubital tunnel. Chronic compression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel is known as cubital tunnel syndrome. [4] There are several sites of possible compression, traction or friction of the ulnar nerve as it courses behind the elbow. [5]
Tendinopathy is a type of tendon disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. [2] The pain is typically worse with movement. [2] It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (rotator cuff tendinitis, biceps tendinitis), elbow (tennis elbow, golfer's elbow), wrist, hip, knee (jumper's knee, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (Achilles tendinitis).
Little League elbow, technically termed medial epicondyle apophysitis, is a condition that is caused by repetitive overhand throwing motions in children. "Little Leaguer's elbow" was coined by Brogdon and Crow in an eponymous 1960 article in the American Journal of Radiology. [1] The name of the condition is derived from the game of baseball.
The common flexor tendon is a tendon that attaches to the medial epicondyle of the humerus (lower part of the bone of the upper arm that is near the elbow joint). It serves as the upper attachment point for the superficial muscles of the front of the forearm: Flexor carpi ulnaris [1] Palmaris longus; Flexor carpi radialis; Pronator teres