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The medieval authorities did their best to respond in an organised fashion, but the economic disruption was immense. [86] Building work ceased and many mining operations paused. [87] In the short term, efforts were taken by the authorities to control wages and enforce pre-epidemic working conditions. [88]
The medieval authorities did their best to respond in an organised fashion, but the economic disruption was immense. [164] Building work ceased and many mining operations paused. [165] In the short term, efforts were taken by the authorities to control wages and enforce pre-epidemic working conditions. [166]
The Hanseatic League [a] was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 12th century, the League expanded between the 13th and 15th centuries and ultimately encompassed nearly 200 settlements across eight modern-day countries, ranging from Estonia in the north and east, to the ...
on the trade union demand for means for securing trustworthy records of wage-contracts between employer and workman, e.g. the section requiring particulars of work and wages for piece-workers. The first additions to the Factory and Workshop Act 1878 were, however, almost purely attempts to deal more adequately than had been attempted in the ...
The Contentious Alliance: Trade Unions and the Labour Party (1991). online; Musson, A E. Trade Union and Social History (1974). Pelling, Henry. A history of British trade unionism (1987). Pimlott, Ben, and Chris Cook, eds Trade Unions in British Politics: The First 250 Years (2nd ed. 1991), 16 topical essays by experts; Pollard, Sidney.
[2] The trade's liveliest period, 1250–1350, was 'an era when trade in wool had been the backbone and driving force in the English medieval economy'. [3] The wool trade was a major driver of enclosure (the privatisation of common land) in English agriculture, which in turn had major social consequences, as part of the British Agricultural ...
Trade flourished in Italy (albeit not united, but rather ruled by different princes in different city-states), particularly by the 13th century. Leading the trade in Mediterranean Europe were traders from the port cities of Genoa and Venice. The wealth generated in Italy fueled the Italian Renaissance. Main trading routes of the Hanseatic League
It consists of the trade union or labour union movement, as well as political parties of labour. It can be considered an instance of class conflict . In trade unions , workers campaign for higher wages, better working conditions and fair treatment from their employers, and through the implementation of labour laws , from their governments.