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On uni-processor systems, the simplest solution to achieve mutual exclusion is to disable interrupts during a process's critical section. This will prevent any interrupt service routines from running (effectively preventing a process from being preempted). Although this solution is effective, it leads to many problems.
Furthermore, on a modern x86 system, BIOS calls can only be performed in Real mode, or Virtual 8086 mode. v8086 is not an option in Long mode. This means that a modern operating system, which operates in Protected mode (32 bit), or Long mode (64 bit), would need to switch into real mode and back to call the BIOS - a hugely expensive operation.
The Interrupt flag (IF) is a flag bit in the CPU's FLAGS register, which determines whether or not the (CPU) will respond immediately to maskable hardware interrupts. [1] If the flag is set to 1 maskable interrupts are enabled. If reset (set to 0) such interrupts will be disabled until
A hardware interrupt is a condition related to the state of the hardware that may be signaled by an external hardware device, e.g., an interrupt request (IRQ) line on a PC, or detected by devices embedded in processor logic (e.g., the CPU timer in IBM System/370), to communicate that the device needs attention from the operating system (OS) [7] or, if there is no OS, from the bare metal ...
If set, enables support for the virtual interrupt flag (VIF) in virtual-8086 mode. 1: PVI: Protected-mode Virtual Interrupts: If set, enables support for the virtual interrupt flag (VIF) in protected mode. 2: TSD: Time Stamp Disable: If set, RDTSC instruction can only be executed when in ring 0, otherwise RDTSC can be used at any privilege ...
IRQ 2/9 is the traditional interrupt line for an MPU-401 MIDI port, but this conflicts with the ACPI system control interrupt (SCI is hardwired to IRQ9 on Intel chipsets); [6] this means ISA MPU-401 cards with a hardwired IRQ 2/9, and MPU-401 device drivers with a hardcoded IRQ 2/9, cannot be used in interrupt-driven mode on a system with ACPI ...
The detection of a RESET signal causes the processor to enter a system initialization period of six clock cycles, after which it sets the interrupt request disable flag in the status register and loads the program counter with the values stored at the processor initialization vector ($00FFFC – $00FFFD) before commencing execution. [1]
[23] [24] Microsoft offers a diagnostic tool that can be used to hide troublesome device drivers and prevent them from being reinstalled, but only after they had been already installed, then uninstalled without rebooting the system. [25] [26] Windows Update Agent on Windows 10 supports peer-to-peer distribution of updates; by default, systems ...