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[42] [43] An estimate derived from the digital soil database of Russia at a geographical scale of 1:5 million, [44] indicates that the area of soils with a peat depth of more than 30 cm is nearly 2210×10 3 km 2. Approximately 28% occurs in the zone of seasonally frozen soils, nearly 30% in the zone of sporadic and discontinuous permafrost, and ...
Peatland as an ecosystem is important for regulating soil quality. When the peat covering Sphagnum layer is degraded, the remaining bare peat soil releases sediment to water streams, which pollutes and reduces biodiversity of rivers and water reservoirs. [20] Additionally trough wind and water erosion carbon can be released if the peat is blank ...
Peatlands are under threat by commercial peat harvesting, drainage and conversion for agriculture (notably palm oil in the tropics) and fires, which are predicted to become more frequent with climate change. The destruction of peatlands results in release of stored greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, further exacerbating climate change.
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The service supports the conversion of documents, images, audio, video, e-Books, CAD files and compressed file formats. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Users can type in a URL or upload one or more files (if they are all of the same format) from their computer; Zamzar will then convert the file(s) to another user-specified format, such as an Adobe PDF file to a ...
Geology and soils (i.e. bedrock and texture) play also an important role. When the mineral soil is composed of heavy clay, the soil will act as an impermeable substrate that facilitates water accumulation. [7] Simply an increase in surface water from melting permafrost can cause increased paludification in boreal ecosystems. [8] [9]
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Converts PDF to other file format (text, images, html). pstoedit: GNU GPL: Yes Yes Unix Yes Converts PostScript to (other) vector graphics file format. QPDF: Apache License 2.0: Yes Yes Yes Structural, content-preserving transformations from PDF to PDF. Scribus: GNU GPL: Yes Yes Yes Unix, GNU/Hurd, Haiku, OS/2 Yes
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