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Mean sea level (MSL, often shortened to sea level) is an average surface level of one or more among Earth's coastal bodies of water from which heights such as elevation may be measured.
Sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the added water from melting ice sheets and glaciers, and the expansion of seawater as it warms. The first graph tracks the change in global sea level since 1993, as observed by satellites.
Get the latest information on sea level science, news, data, and newest features of the NASA Sea Level Web Portal. An animation shows global sea level trends from 1993 to 2022 as observed by several satellite missions. Visit NASA's portal for an in-depth look at the science behind sea level change.
In 2023, global mean sea level was 101.4 millimeters (3.99 inches) above 1993 levels, making it the highest annual average in the satellite record (1993-present). In some ocean basins, sea level has risen as much as 6-8 inches (15-20 centimeters) since the start of the satellite record.
The level of the sea globally is rising faster and higher than ever before, creating what the United Nations has described as an “urgent and escalating threat” to people around the world.
This interactive site allows users to explore past, present, and projected future sea level rise, associated impacts, and adaptation measures for their area.
Chart the changes in Earth’s water and ice that most clearly reveal global sea level rise. Learn more about the different causes of sea level change and the scientific background of observations and projecting sea level.
The team found that, globally, the average sea level rose by about 2.1 millimetres in 1993 and around 4.5 millimetres in 2023. The total increase over 31 years was 111 millimetres.
The NASA Sea Level Projection Tool allows users to visualize and download the sea level projection data from the IPCC 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The goal of this tool is to provide easy and improved access and visualization to the consensus projections found in the report.
ENVIRONMENT. Sea levels are rising at an extraordinary pace. Here's what to know. Seas are predicted to rise a foot by 2050, regardless of how much global carbon emissions can be reduced. Why is...