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Proton-pump inhibitors have largely superseded the H 2-receptor antagonists, a group of medications with similar effects but a different mode of action, and heavy use of antacids. [3] A potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) revaprazan was marketed in Korea as an alternative to a PPI.
With the development of proton pump inhibitors, such as omeprazole, approved for the same indications, cimetidine is available as an over-the-counter formulation to prevent heartburn or acid indigestion, along with the other H2-receptor antagonists. [12] Cimetidine was developed in 1971 and came into commercial use in 1977.
Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of unclear safety. [5] It works by blocking H + /K +-ATPase in the parietal cells of the stomach. [3] Dexlansoprazole was approved for medical use in the United States in 2009. [3] In Canada in 2016, it was the most expensive Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) available. [4]
Lansoprazole is used for treatment of: [3] Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, and NSAID-induced ulcers; Helicobacter pylori infection, alongside antibiotics (adjunctive treatment), treatment to kill H. pylori causing ulcers or other problems involves using two other drugs besides lansoprazole known as "triple therapy", and involves taking twice daily for 10 or 14 days lansoprazole ...
Ball-and-stick model of cimetidine, the prototypical H 2 receptor antagonist. H 2 antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RAs [1] and also called H 2 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the histamine H 2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach. This decreases the production of stomach acid.
Sucralfate may be considered to have the advantage over H2-blockers and PPIs in this regard because sucralfate does not change the pH of gastric fluid. A majority of meta-analyses found that sucralfate therapy decreased the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia compared to H2-antagonists. [10]
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Effectiveness is similar to other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). [8] It is taken by mouth. [6] Common side effects include constipation, feeling weak, and throat inflammation. [6] Serious side effects may include osteoporosis, low blood magnesium, Clostridioides difficile infection, and pneumonia. [6] Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is of ...
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