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Quercus ilex, the holm oak, [2] [3] also (ambiguously, as many oaks are evergreen) evergreen oak, [4] is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] with acorns that mature in a single summer.
Live oak was widely used in early American butt shipbuilding.Because of the trees' short height and low-hanging branches, lumber from live oaks was used in curved parts of the frame, such as knee braces (single-piece, L-shaped braces that spring inward from the side and support the deck), in which the grain runs perpendicular to structural stress, making for exceptional strength.
Quercus sect. Ilex was first established by John Claudius Loudon in 1838. It has also been treated as a subgenus, under the name Quercus subg. Heterobalanus Oerst., and as subsection. Members may be called ilex oaks. [1] Like all species of Quercus, those of section Ilex are trees or shrubs with acorn-like fruit.
The genus Quercus contains about 500 known species, plus about 180 hybrids between them. [1] The genus, as is the case with many large genera, is divided into subgenera and sections. Traditionally, the genus Quercus was divided into the two subgenera Cyclobalanopsis, the ring-cupped oaks, and Quercus, which included
Quercus coccifera, the kermes oak or holly oak, [3] is an oak shrub or tree in section Ilex of the genus. [4] It has many synonyms, including Quercus calliprinos. [2] It is native to the Mediterranean region and Northern African Maghreb, south to north from Morocco to France and west to east from Portugal to Cyprus and Turkey, crossing Spain, Italy, Libya, the Balkans, and Greece, including Crete.
The trees are 15–20 m tall and can live up to 200 years. Quercus pubescens (downy oak) and evergreen Quercus ilex (holm oak) are also present, though their population is substantially smaller. Besides oaks, ferns and asphodels are very common and they tend to grow in the space between the trunks of the trees.
These trees range in size up to some 1.5m DBH, such as Cedrus deodara, the Himalayan Cedar. ... Quercus ilex L. Quercus palustris Münchh. Quercus robur L.
Quercus rotundifolia is a medium to large tree, usually 8–12 m (26–39 ft) in height, but can reach up to 15 m (49 ft) with a large, dense, rounded canopy. It has small, leathery, dark-green leaves with a glaucous , densely pubescent underside usually suborbicular to elliptical or lanceolate and are generally spiny to dentate on a younger tree.
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