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Galls (upper left and right) formed on acorns on the branch of a pedunculate (or English) oak tree by the parthenogenetic generation Andricus quercuscalicis.. The large 2 cm gall growth appears as a mass of green to yellowish-green, ridged, and at first sticky plant tissue on the bud of the oak, that breaks out as the gall between the cup and the acorn.
Andricus quercuscalifornicus is a parasitic species of gallwasp (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). The cynipid gall-inducer induces galls of 5-20 cubic centimeters on the twigs of the valley oak (Quercus lobata), an endemic tree in California. Gall growth occurs twice annually, during late spring and mid summer.
The genus Quercus contains about 500 known species, plus about 180 hybrids between them. [1] The genus, as is the case with many large genera, is divided into subgenera and sections. Traditionally, the genus Quercus was divided into the two subgenera Cyclobalanopsis, the ring-cupped oaks, and Quercus, which included
Quercus macrocarpa is a large deciduous tree growing up to 30 metres (98 feet), rarely 50 m (160 ft), in height, [3] and is one of the most massive oaks with a trunk diameter of up to 3 m (10 ft).
In the 1700s, a young botanist scandalized some by discussing “birds and bees” of pollination, and awarding Latin names to plants and animals.
Oak timber is a strong and hard wood with many uses, such as for furniture, floors, building frames, and veneers. [70] The wood of a red oak Quercus cerris (the Turkey oak) has better mechanical properties than those of the white oaks Q. petraea and Q. robur; the heartwood and sapwood have similar mechanical properties. [71]
Andricus chinquapin (Fitch, 1859) — small oak spindle gall wasp; Andricus chiricahuensis Melika, Nicholls & Stone, 2021; Andricus chodjaii Melika, 2008; Andricus chrysolepidicola Ashmead, 1896 — irregular spindle gall wasp; Andricus cinnamomeus Ashmead, 1887; Andricus clementinae (Giraud, 1859) Andricus coconinoensis Melika, Nicholls ...
Quercus cerris, the Turkey oak or Austrian oak, [3] [4] is an oak native to south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is the type species of Quercus sect. Cerris , a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that usually mature in 18 months.
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