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  2. Glycocalyx - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocalyx

    The glycocalyx is a type of identifier that the body uses to distinguish between its own healthy cells and transplanted tissues, diseased cells, or invading organisms. Included in the glycocalyx are cell-adhesion molecules that enable cells to adhere to each other and guide the movement of cells during embryonic development. [3] The glycocalyx ...

  3. Enterocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterocyte

    Enterocytes, or intestinal absorptive cells, are simple columnar epithelial cells which line the inner surface of the small and large intestines. A glycocalyx surface coat contains digestive enzymes. Microvilli on the apical surface increase its surface area.

  4. Glycolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

    d -Glucose + 2 [NAD] + + 2 [ADP] + 2 [P] i 2 × Pyruvate 2 × + 2 [NADH] + 2 H + + 2 [ATP] + 2 H 2 O Glycolysis pathway overview The use of symbols in this equation makes it appear unbalanced with respect to oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and charges. Atom balance is maintained by the two phosphate (P i) groups: Each exists in the form of a hydrogen phosphate anion, dissociating to contribute ...

  5. Cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

    The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.

  6. Phosphatidylserine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylserine

    Phosphatidylserine (abbreviated Ptd-L-Ser or PS) is a phospholipid and is a component of the cell membrane. [1] It plays a key role in cell cycle signaling, specifically in relation to apoptosis . It is a key pathway for viruses to enter cells via apoptotic mimicry . [ 2 ]

  7. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    Structure of a typical animal cell Structure of a typical plant cell. Plants, animals, fungi, slime moulds, protozoa, and algae are all eukaryotic. These cells are about fifteen times wider than a typical prokaryote and can be as much as a thousand times greater in volume.

  8. Slime layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slime_layer

    A slime layer in bacteria is an easily removable (e.g. by centrifugation), unorganized layer of extracellular material that surrounds bacteria cells. Specifically, this consists mostly of exopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. [1] Therefore, the slime layer is considered as a subset of glycocalyx.

  9. Centrosome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrosome

    In cell biology, the centrosome (Latin centrum 'center' + Greek sōma 'body') (archaically cytocentre [1]) is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) of the animal cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. The centrosome provides structure for the cell.