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The colon comes from a general Scala syntax mechanism whereby the apparent infix operator is invoked as a method on the left operand with the right operand passed as an argument, or vice versa if the operator's last character is a colon, here applied symmetrically. Scala also features the tree-like folds using the method list.fold(z)(op). [11]
In computer science, a double-ended queue (abbreviated to deque, / d ɛ k / DEK [1]) is an abstract data type that generalizes a queue, for which elements can be added to or removed from either the front (head) or back (tail). [2] It is also often called a head-tail linked list, though properly this refers to a specific data structure ...
A good example that highlights the pros and cons of using dynamic arrays vs. linked lists is by implementing a program that resolves the Josephus problem. The Josephus problem is an election method that works by having a group of people stand in a circle. Starting at a predetermined person, one may count around the circle n times.
The first and last nodes of a doubly linked list for all practical applications are immediately accessible (i.e., accessible without traversal, and usually called head and tail) and therefore allow traversal of the list from the beginning or end of the list, respectively: e.g., traversing the list from beginning to end, or from end to beginning, in a search of the list for a node with specific ...
A queue is an example of a linear data structure, or more abstractly a sequential collection. Queues are common in computer programs, where they are implemented as data structures coupled with access routines, as an abstract data structure or in object-oriented languages as classes.
As the head/tail breaks method can be used iteratively to obtain head parts of a data set, this method actually captures the underlying hierarchy of the data set. For example, if we divide the array (19, 8, 7, 6, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0) with the head/tail breaks method, we can get two head parts, i.e., the first head part (19, 8, 7, 6) and the second ...
For Minkowski addition, the zero set, {}, containing only the zero vector, 0, is an identity element: for every subset S of a vector space, S + { 0 } = S . {\displaystyle S+\{0\}=S.} The empty set is important in Minkowski addition, because the empty set annihilates every other subset: for every subset S of a vector space, its sum with the ...
Figure 1: Parallelogram construction for adding vectors. This construction has the same result as moving F 2 so its tail coincides with the head of F 1, and taking the net force as the vector joining the tail of F 1 to the head of F 2. This procedure can be repeated to add F 3 to the resultant F 1 + F 2, and so forth.