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Political subdivisions of the Indian Empire in 1909 with British India (pink) and the princely states (yellow) Before it gained independence in 1947, India (also called the Indian Empire) was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule (British India), and the other consisting of princely states under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal ...
The history of independent India or history of Republic of India began when the country became an independent sovereign state within the British Commonwealth on 15 August 1947. Direct administration by the British, which began in 1858 , affected a political and economic unification of the subcontinent .
Indian troops annexed Goa and Portugal's other Indian enclaves in 1961, and Sikkim voted to join the Indian Union in 1975 after the Indian victory over China in Nathu La and Cho La. Following self-rule in 1947, India remained in the Commonwealth of Nations, and relations between the UK and India have since become friendly. There are many areas ...
1947: July: Indian Independence Act 1947 by British Raj: 14 August: Partition of India and Pakistan becomes an independent state. [51] 15 August: Indian independence from the British Raj. Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition, continuing to 1948. 1948: 30 January: Mahatma Gandhi is assassinated by Nathuram ...
The Constituent Assembly of India, consisting of indirectly elected representatives, was established to draft a constitution for India (including the now-separate countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh). It existed for approx three years, the first parliament (Provisional Parliament) of India after independence in 1947.
The Indian Independence Act was subsequently repealed in Article 395 of the Constitution of India and in Article 221 of the Constitution of Pakistan of 1956, [17] both constitutions being intended to bring about greater independence for the new states. The Act has not been repealed in the United Kingdom, where it still has an effect, although ...
The Indian constitution is the world's longest for a sovereign nation. [4] [5] [6] At its enactment, it had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. [a] [18] At about 145,000 words, it is the second-longest active constitution—after the Constitution of Alabama—in the world. [49]
In August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and a Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal .