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A method that yields more methcathinone is oxidizing (pseudo)ephedrine with chromium (VI) compounds, which are far more toxic than permanganate compounds. Methcathinone as free base is very unstable; it easily loses its ketone group, which is substituted with a hydroxyl group, yielding pseudoephedrine, in the reverse of the typical synthesis ...
Phenylpropanolamine was previously available in the United States over-the-counter and in certain combination drug forms by prescription. [24] [25] One such example of the latter was a combination of phenylpropanolamine and chlorpheniramine, which dually contained decongestant and antihistamine effects, marketed by Tutag as 'Vernate'.
Ephedrine works by inducing the release of norepinephrine and hence indirectly activating the α-and β-adrenergic receptors. [11] Chemically, ephedrine is a substituted amphetamine and is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of β-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine. [14] Ephedrine was first isolated in 1885 and came into commercial use in 1926.
Some β-hydroxyamphetamines have had their side chain extended and cyclized.Examples include certain substituted phenylmorpholines like phenmetrazine and phendimetrazine and their analogues; substituted phenylmorpholines related to bupropion like radafaxine (cyclized (2S,3S)-hydroxybupropion) and manifaxine; certain substituted aminorexes like 4-methylaminorex and 4,4'-dimethylaminorex; and ...
Bottle of ephedrine, an alkaloid found in ephedra. Ephedra is a medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica. [1] [a] Several additional species belonging to the genus Ephedra have traditionally been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a possible candidate for the soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. [3]
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
Ephedrine is the precursor of synthetic amphetamines. The diastereomer of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine is found in Ephedra sinica together along with ephedrine. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are both generally used for weight reduction and performance enhancement. They can also be reduced to methamphetamine. [2]
A drug combination chart designed for harm reduction by TripSit [1]. Polysubstance use or multisubstance use is the use of combinations of psychoactive substances with both legal and illegal substances.
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