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A sphere, a surface of constant radius and thus diameter, is a surface of constant width. Contrary to common belief the Reuleaux tetrahedron is not a surface of constant width. However, there are two different ways of smoothing subsets of the edges of the Reuleaux tetrahedron to form Meissner tetrahedra , surfaces of constant width.
More formulas of this nature can be given, as explained by Ramanujan's theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases. Perhaps the most notable hypergeometric inversions are the following two examples, involving the Ramanujan tau function τ {\displaystyle \tau } and the Fourier coefficients j {\displaystyle \mathrm {j} } of the J-invariant ...
Bonnesen and Fenchel [4] conjectured that Meissner tetrahedra are the minimum-volume three-dimensional shapes of constant width, a conjecture which is still open. [5] In 2011 Anciaux and Guilfoyle [6] proved that the minimizer must consist of pieces of spheres and tubes over curves, which, being true for the Meissner tetrahedra, supports the conjecture.
The first mathematician to discover the existence of curves of constant width, and to observe that the Reuleaux triangle has constant width, may have been Leonhard Euler. [5] In a paper that he presented in 1771 and published in 1781 entitled De curvis triangularibus , Euler studied curvilinear triangles as well as the curves of constant width ...
The method of Bäcklund transformation allows the construction of a large number of distinct solutions to the sine-Gordon equation, the multi-soliton solutions. For example, the 2-soliton corresponds to the Kuen surface. However, while this generates an infinite family of solutions, the breather solutions are not among them.
Then a point of the surface is an element of K 3 which is a solution of the equation f ( x , y , z ) = 0. {\displaystyle f(x,y,z)=0.} If the polynomial has real coefficients, the field K is the complex field , and a point of the surface that belongs to R 3 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{3}} (a usual point) is called a real point .
In geometry, a curve of constant width is a simple closed curve in the plane whose width (the distance between parallel supporting lines) is the same in all directions. The shape bounded by a curve of constant width is a body of constant width or an orbiform, the name given to these shapes by Leonhard Euler. [1]
As is the case with spherical coordinates, Laplaces equation may be solved by the method of separation of variables to yield solutions in the form of oblate spheroidal harmonics, which are convenient to use when boundary conditions are defined on a surface with a constant oblate spheroidal coordinate (See Smythe, 1968).