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The mpox outbreak in Ghana is a part of the larger outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. As opposed to its West African neighbours, Ghana had no endemic presence of mpox, only experiencing it during the 2022 outbreak. The first 5 cases of mpox in Ghana was detected on June 8, 2022. [1]
The director of the Africa CDC, Ahmed Ogwell, said that Cameroon, Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria have reported 1,405 endemic cases with 62 deaths during the first five months of 2022. The case fatality rate in these four African countries combined was 4.4%. [44]
When these virus are spread to humans through zoonotic events they have been found to be one of the most deadly viruses with the capability to infect humans, with mortality rates between 50 and 100%. Therefore, these viruses have been classified as a biosafety level four (BSL-4) virus with regards to its pathogenesis when it infects humans. [1]
Their recent emergence as zoonotic pathogens capable of causing illness and death in domestic animals and humans is a cause of concern. [7] [8] In 2009, RNA sequences of three novel viruses in phylogenetic relationship to known henipaviruses were detected in African straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Ghana.
An epidemic of a new variant of clade I mpox (formerly known as monkeypox), called clade 1b, [2] began in Central Africa at least as early as September 2023. [3] [4] As of September 2024, more than 29,000 cases have been reported, with over 800 fatalities (~3% fatality rate), [1] nearly all in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [5]
In July 2022, an outbreak of Marburg virus disease occurred in Ghana. [1] Two positive cases were reported by Ghana on 8 July. After confirmation by the World Health Organization, it is the first such outbreak in Ghana. Two men aged 26 and 51 years old were infected with the disease and both cases resulted in fatalities.
Most of the 72 outbreaks they examined were caused by filoviruses in Africa like Marburg and Ebola, which comprised more than half of outbreaks. The duo of viruses caused more than 90% of the ...
HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans in the early part of the 20th century, though it has now evolved into a separate human-only disease. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Human infection with animal influenza viruses is rare, as they do not transmit easily to or among humans. [ 8 ]