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The current entering any junction is equal to the current leaving that junction. i 2 + i 3 = i 1 + i 4. This law, also called Kirchhoff's first law, or Kirchhoff's junction rule, states that, for any node (junction) in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing into that node is equal to the sum of currents flowing out of that node; or equivalently:
Kirchhoff's laws, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, may refer to: Kirchhoff's circuit laws in electrical engineering; Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation; Kirchhoff equations in fluid dynamics; Kirchhoff's three laws of spectroscopy; Kirchhoff's law of thermochemistry; Kirchhoff's theorem about the number of spanning trees in a graph
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (German: [ˈgʊs.taf ˈkɪʁçhɔf]; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist, chemist and mathematican who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects.
This yields Kirchhoff's law: α λ = ε λ {\displaystyle \alpha _{\lambda }=\varepsilon _{\lambda }} By a similar, but more complicated argument, it can be shown that, since black-body radiation is equal in every direction (isotropic), the emissivity and the absorptivity, if they happen to be dependent on direction, must again be equal for any ...
Kirchhoff's current law is the basis of nodal analysis. In electric circuits analysis, nodal analysis, node-voltage analysis, or the branch current method is a method of determining the voltage (potential difference) between "nodes" (points where elements or branches connect) in an electrical circuit in terms of the branch currents.
The modern method is simply to create a set of conditions from the above Kirchhoff laws (junctions and head-loss criteria). Then, use a Root-finding algorithm to find Q values that satisfy all the equations. The literal friction loss equations use a term called Q 2, but we want to preserve any changes in direction.
Mesh analysis and loop analysis both make systematic use of Kirchhoff’s voltage law to arrive at a set of equations guaranteed to be solvable if the circuit has a solution. [1] Mesh analysis is usually easier to use when the circuit is planar, compared to loop analysis.
Kirchhoff's current law – Kirchhoff's voltage law. KVL and KCL; Thévenin's theorem – Norton's theorem; History. The use of duality in circuit theory is due to ...