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A solid oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC) is a solid oxide fuel cell set in regenerative mode for the electrolysis of water with a solid oxide, or ceramic, electrolyte to produce oxygen and hydrogen gas. [53] SOECs can also be used to do electrolysis of CO 2 to produce CO and oxygen [54] or even co-electrolysis of water and CO 2 to produce syngas ...
This is accomplished by solving heat equations in both regions, subject to given boundary and initial conditions. At the interface between the phases (in the classical problem) the temperature is set to the phase change temperature. To close the mathematical system a further equation, the Stefan condition, is required. This is an energy balance ...
The ideal solid acid fuel cell anode is a "porous electrolyte nanostructure uniformly covered with a platinum thin film". Such electrodes can be prepared by spray drying, e.g., depositing CsH 2 PO 4 nanoparticles and creating porous, 3-dimensional interconnected nanostructures of the solid acid fuel cell electrolyte material CsH 2 PO 4. [19]
Latent heat can be understood as hidden energy which is supplied or extracted to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature or pressure. This includes the latent heat of fusion (solid to liquid), the latent heat of vaporization (liquid to gas) and the latent heat of sublimation (solid to gas). [1] [2]
For a fuel of composition C c H h O o N n, the (higher) heat of combustion is 419 kJ/mol × (c + 0.3 h − 0.5 o) usually to a good approximation (±3%), [2] [3] though it gives poor results for some compounds such as (gaseous) formaldehyde and carbon monoxide, and can be significantly off if o + n > c, such as for glycerine dinitrate, C 3 H 6 ...
, is the specific heat at constant pressure of the fuel vapor (J.Kg −1.K −1) Integrating this equation from r {\displaystyle r} to the ambient gas phase conditions ( ∞ {\displaystyle \infty } ) gives the variation of the gas film temperature ( T g {\displaystyle T_{g}} ) as a function of the radial distance:
Regardless of the equation format, the heat of formation of a compound at any temperature is ΔH° form at 298.15 K, plus the sum of the heat content parameters of the products minus the sum of the heat content parameters of the reactants. The C p equation is obtained by taking the derivative of the heat content equation.
Demonstration model of a direct methanol fuel cell (black layered cube) in its enclosure Scheme of a proton-conducting fuel cell. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) [1] into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. [2]