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Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools, due to violation of the First Amendment. [1]
The constitution fixes the number of justices at seven, but the governor may designate additional justices if there is a need. The court currently has 22 judicial seats. [1] As of 2021, the Second Department is the busiest appellate court in the United States and decides 65% of all cases in the Appellate Division. [2]
Each district also has a United States Marshal who serves the court system. Three territories of the United States — the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands — have district courts that hear federal cases, including bankruptcy cases. [1] The breakdown of what is in each judicial district is codified in 28 U.S.C. §§ 81–131.
David is depicted giving a penitential psalm in this 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld. The Penitential Psalms or Psalms of Confession, so named in Cassiodorus's commentary of the 6th century AD, are the Psalms 6, 31, 37, 50, 101, 129, and 142 (6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, and 143 in the Hebrew numbering).
Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963), [1] was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court decided 8–1 in favor of the respondent, Edward Schempp, on behalf of his son Ellery Schempp, and declared that school-sponsored Bible reading and the recitation of the Lord's Prayer in public schools in the United States was unconstitutional.
Joanne M. Smith was the first woman elected chief judge of a district court in Minnesota (1989). Governor Perpich appointed Joanne Smith as a second judicial district judge on November 10, 1983. Linda S. Titus (1978): [25] First female to serve on the Fifth Judicial District in Minnesota (1990)
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Williams was appointed to the Los Angeles Municipal Court from 1956, and served there until 1962. He was a judge of the Los Angeles Superior Court from 1962 to 1969. [2] As a judge, Williams developed a reputation as a tough sentencer. Following the 1965 Watts riots, Williams volunteered to preside over about 4,000 of the resulting criminal ...