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The Katipunan (lit. ' Association '), officially known as the Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan [6] [7] [8] [a] (lit. ' Supreme and Venerable Association of the Children of the Nation '; Spanish: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo) and abbreviated as the KKK, was a revolutionary organization founded in 1892 by a group of Filipino nationalists ...
With the establishment of the Katipunan, Andrés Bonifacio requested his wife, Gregoria de Jesús, to create a flag for the society. De Jesús devised a simple red flag bearing the society's acronym, KKK, in white and arranged horizontally at the center. It became the society's first flag. Some Katipunan members used other variations.
The Katipunan was more than a secret revolutionary society; it was, withal, a Government. It was the intention of Bonifacio to have the Katipunan govern the whole Philippines after the overthrow of Spanish rule. [1] [4] Likewise, Renato Constantino and others wrote that the Katipunan served as a shadow government. [5] [6] [7] [8]
As a result, the Spanish troops were warned of the attack and forced the Katipunan from the city. Protracted warfare soon escalated, with the battles of Pasong Tamo (August 28–29, 1896) and of San Juan del Monte (August 30, 1896). Overall, the attack on Manila did not take place as Bonifacio planned.
The Katipunan obtained overwhelming number of members and attracted the lowly classes. In June 1896, Bonifacio sent an emissary to Dapitan to obtain Rizal's support, but Rizal refused to participate in an armed revolution. On August 19, 1896, Katipunan was discovered by a Spanish friar, which resulted in the start of the Philippine Revolution.
The Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino (Patriotic Association of Filipinos), better known as the Makapili, was a militant group formed in the Philippines on December 8, 1944, during World War II to give military aid to the Imperial Japanese Army. [1]
The Kartilya ng Katipunan (English: Primer of the Katipunan [1]) served as the guidebook for new members of the organization, which laid out the group's rules and principles. The first edition of the Kartilya was written by Gomez later wrote a revised Decalogue.
Other scholars believe 朝鮮 was a translation (like Japanese kun'yomi) of the native Korean Asadal (아사달), the capital of Gojoseon: asa being a hypothetical Altaic root word for "morning", and dal meaning "mountain", a common ending for Goguryeo place names (with the use of the character 鮮 "fresh" to transcribe the final -dal syllable ...