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  2. Central dogma of molecular biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_dogma_of_molecular...

    A second version of the central dogma is popular but incorrect. This is the simplistic DNARNAprotein pathway published by James Watson in the first edition of The Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965). Watson's version differs from Crick's because Watson describes a two-step (DNARNA and RNAprotein) process as the central ...

  3. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    It has become widely accepted in science [1] that early in the history of life on Earth, prior to the evolution of DNA and possibly of protein-based enzymes as well, an "RNA world" existed in which RNA served as both living organisms' storage method for genetic information—a role fulfilled today by DNA, except in the case of RNA viruses—and ...

  4. Retrovirus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrovirus

    A retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell. [2] After invading a host cell's cytoplasm, the virus uses its own reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome, the reverse of the usual pattern, thus retro (backward).

  5. Viral replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_replication

    Based on their genetic material, viruses will hijack the corresponding cellular machinery for said genetic material. Viruses that contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) share the same kind of genetic material as all organisms, and can therefore use the replication enzymes in the host cell nucleus to replicate the viral genome.

  6. Complementarity (molecular biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementarity_(molecular...

    In addition, human immunodeficiency virus, a single-stranded RNA virus, encodes an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) that uses complementarity to catalyze genome replication. The reverse transcriptase can switch between two parental RNA genomes by copy-choice recombination during replication. [5]

  7. Mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

    The genomes of RNA viruses are based on RNA rather than DNA. The RNA viral genome can be double-stranded (as in DNA) or single-stranded. In some of these viruses (such as the single-stranded human immunodeficiency virus), replication occurs quickly, and there are no mechanisms to check the genome for accuracy. This error-prone process often ...

  8. Transcription (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

    Some viruses (such as HIV, the cause of AIDS), have the ability to transcribe RNA into DNA. HIV has an RNA genome that is reverse transcribed into DNA. The resulting DNA can be merged with the DNA genome of the host cell. The main enzyme responsible for synthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called reverse transcriptase. [65]

  9. Introduction to viruses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction_to_viruses

    For this reason, these viruses are called positive-sense RNA viruses. [35] In other RNA viruses, the RNA is a complementary copy of mRNA and these viruses rely on the cell's or their own enzyme to make mRNA. These are called negative-sense RNA viruses. In viruses made from DNA, the method of mRNA production is similar to that of the cell.