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To perform halo-traction therapy a surgeon will use six to ten small pins to attach a "halo" made of a metal ring to the patient's skull. [23] [24] [25] Doctors will typically leave one to two centimeters of distance between the halo and the patient's head. It is common for older patients to be given eight pins while younger patients are given 10.
If patients require ongoing cervical spine precautions, they should be switched to an adjustable cervical collar such as a Miami J collar [6] or halo-gravity traction device for long-term immobilization. [12]
In most cases traction is only one part of the treatment plan of a patient needing such therapy. The physician's order will contain: Type of traction; Amount of weight to be applied; Frequency of neurovascular checks if more frequent than every four hours; Site care of inserted pins, wires, or tongs; The site and care of straps, harnesses and ...
Traction can be applied by free weights on a pulley or a halo type brace. The halo brace is the most rigid cervical brace, used when limiting motion to the minimum that is essential, especially with unstable cervical fractures. It can provide stability and support during the time (typically 8–12 weeks) needed for the cervical bones to heal.
Traction helps maintain the correct alignment and promotes healing without the need for a cast, especially in more complex fractures. Main article: orthopedic boot In cases where the injury requires complete immobilization but not the rigidity of a cast, an orthopedic boot , also known as a CAM boot (controlled ankle motion) may be used ...
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Then, the collar should be locked to the ideal neck length according to the specific manufacturer's manual. The chin must be in the chin piece and the collar must extend down to the sternal notch. If the patient has a tracheostomy hole, medical professionals must assure that the hole is midline and accessible in a patient with a cervical collar.
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to an external apparatus composed of rings and threaded rods — the Ilizarov apparatus, the Taylor Spatial Frame, and the Octopod External Fixator — which immobilises the damaged limb to facilitate healing. [1]