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A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors . PIR sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications.
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A passive infrared detector mounted on circuit board (right), along with photoresistive detector for visible light (left). This is the type most commonly encountered in household motion sensing devices and is designed to turn on a light only when motion is detected and when the surrounding environment is sufficiently dark.
A hands-free faucet in Japan. An automatic faucet or tap (also hands-free faucet, touchless faucet, electronic faucet, motion-sensing faucet, sensor faucet, or infrared faucet) is a faucet equipped with a proximity sensor and mechanism that opens its valve to allow water to flow in response to the presence of a user's hands in close proximity.
All objects emit what is known as black body radiation. This energy is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose. The term passive in this instance means that the PIR sensor does not emit energy of any type but merely passively accepts incoming infrared radiation. see also:
Microwave imaging is a science which has been evolved from older detecting/locating techniques (e.g., radar) in order to evaluate hidden or embedded objects in a structure (or media) using electromagnetic (EM) waves in microwave regime (i.e., ~300 MHz-300 GHz). [1]
A Digifant II DF-1 Engine Control Unit used in '91 Volkswagen Golf Cabriolet with 2E engine. Digifant is an Engine Management System operated by an Engine Control Unit that actuates outputs, such as fuel injection and ignition systems, using information derived from sensor inputs, such as engine speed, exhaust oxygen and intake air flow. [1]
Simple hydraulic control valves are binary, they are either on or off. Servo valves are different in that they can continuously vary the flow they supply from zero up to their rated maximum flow, or until the output pressure reaches the supplied pressure. More complex servo valves can control other parameters.