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  2. CPK coloring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPK_coloring

    Several of the CPK colors refer mnemonically to colors of the pure elements or notable compound. For example, hydrogen is a colorless gas, carbon as charcoal, graphite or coke is black, sulfur powder is yellow, chlorine is a greenish gas, bromine is a dark red liquid, iodine in ether is violet, amorphous phosphorus is red, rust is dark orange-red, etc.

  3. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    Columns are determined by the electron configuration of the atom; elements with the same number of electrons in a particular subshell fall into the same columns (e.g. oxygen, sulfur, and selenium are in the same column because they all have four electrons in the outermost p-subshell). Elements with similar chemical properties generally fall ...

  4. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    Atoms with equal numbers of protons but a different number of neutrons are different isotopes of the same element. For example, all hydrogen atoms admit exactly one proton, but isotopes exist with no neutrons ( hydrogen-1 , by far the most common form, [ 57 ] also called protium), one neutron ( deuterium ), two neutrons ( tritium ) and more ...

  5. Extended periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_periodic_table

    Thus element 164 with 7d 10 9s 0 is noted by Fricke et al. to be analogous to palladium with 4d 10 5s 0, and they consider elements 157–172 to have chemical analogies to groups 3–18 (though they are ambivalent on whether elements 165 and 166 are more like group 1 and 2 elements or more like group 11 and 12 elements, respectively). Thus ...

  6. Periodic trends - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_trends

    The energy needed to remove the second electron from the neutral atom is called the second ionization energy and so on. [10] [11] As one moves from left-to-right across a period in the modern periodic table, the ionization energy increases as the nuclear charge increases and the atomic size decreases.

  7. List of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements

    A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...

  8. Atomicity (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomicity_(chemistry)

    Atomicity may vary in different allotropes of the same element. The exact atomicity of metals , as well as some other elements such as carbon , cannot be determined because they consist of a large and indefinite number of atoms bonded together.

  9. Proton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

    Since the atomic number of hydrogen is 1, a hydrogen ion has no electrons and corresponds to a bare nucleus, consisting of a proton (and 0 neutrons for the most abundant isotope protium 1 1 H). The proton is a "bare charge" with only about 1/64,000 of the radius of a hydrogen atom, and so is extremely reactive chemically.