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C# has the modifiers public, protected,internal, private, protected internal, private protected, and file. [4] Java has public, package, protected, and private; package is the default, used if no other access modifier keyword is specified. The meaning of these modifiers may differ from one language to another.
Members with the protected modifier will be private, but accessible when inherited. internal classes and members will only be accessible from the inside of the declaring assembly. Classes and structs are implicitly internal and members are implicitly private if they do not have an access modifier.
Access levels modifiers are commonly used in Java [1] as well as C#, which further provides the internal level. [2] In C++, the only difference between a struct and a class is the default access level, which is private for classes and public for structs. [3]
Friend vs internal - access modifiers allowing inter-class but not inter-assembly reference, except for friend assemblies Me vs this - a self-reference to the current object instance MustInherit vs abstract - prevents a class from being directly instantiated, and forces consumers to create object references to only derived classes
A similar, but not equivalent, language feature is given by C#'s internal access modifier keyword, which allows classes inside the same assembly to access the private parts of other classes. This corresponds to marking each class a friend of another in the same assembly; friend classes are more fine-grained.
By declaring internal members public, or by providing free access to data via public mutator methods (setter). By providing non-public access. For example, see: Java access modifiers and accessibility levels in C# [1] In C++, via some of the above means, and by declaring friend classes or functions.
In this sense, the idea of encapsulation is more general than how it is applied in object-oriented programming. For example, a relational database is encapsulated in the sense that its only public interface is a query language (such as SQL), which hides all the internal machinery and data structures of the database management system. As such ...
C# naming conventions generally follow the guidelines published by Microsoft for all .NET languages [21] (see the .NET section, below), but no conventions are enforced by the C# compiler. The Microsoft guidelines recommend the exclusive use of only PascalCase and camelCase , with the latter used only for method parameter names and method-local ...