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Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component that serves as a template for the telomere repeat.
Telomerase RNA component, also known as TR, TER or TERC, is an ncRNA found in eukaryotes that is a component of telomerase, the enzyme used to extend telomeres. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] TERC serves as a template for telomere replication ( reverse transcription ) by telomerase.
The role of telomeres and telomerase in cell aging and cancer was established by scientists at biotechnology company Geron with the cloning of the RNA and catalytic components of human telomerase [9] and the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay for telomerase activity called the TRAP assay, which surveys telomerase ...
The RNA component of telomerase anneals to the single stranded 3' end of the template DNA and contains 1.5 copies of the telomeric sequence. [93] Telomerase contains a protein subunit that is a reverse transcriptase called telomerase reverse transcriptase or TERT. TERT synthesizes DNA until the end of the template telomerase RNA and then ...
Telomeres are shortened with every duplication of DNA, and must be lengthened again. He studies telomerase , the enzyme that copies the telomeric sequences and lengthens them. [ 8 ] The active site protein subunits of telomerase comprise a new class of reverse transcriptases , enzymes previously thought to be restricted to viruses and ...
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to convert RNA genome to DNA, a process termed reverse transcription.Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV, COVID-19, and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes.
SMG6 binds single-stranded telomere DNA and cooperates with telomerase reverse transcriptase to lengthen telomeres. [6] Overexpression of SMG6 induces anaphase bridges due to chromosome-end fusions and, thus, affects telomere capping, which may directly induce an apoptotic response. [19] [5] SMG6 also functions as an endonuclease in the NMD ...
These complex structures have been shown help to modulate telomere length through inhibition telomerase's ability to add tandem TTAGGG repeats, specifically in cells with long telomeres. This inhibitive effect seems to function in a telomere length-dependent manner; [ 3 ] that is, TERRA levels inversely correlate with increased activity of ...
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