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Family medical history FOH: Family ocular history F/U: Follow up appointment GH: General health G(M)P: General (medical) practitioner HA: Headaches HARC: Harmonious abnormal retinal correspondence HM: Hand motion vision – state distance Hx: History IOL: Intra-ocular lens IOP: Intra-ocular pressure ISNT: Inferior, Superior, Nasal, Temporal
Of the different types of glaucoma, the most common are called open-angle glaucoma and closed-angle glaucoma. [7] Inside the eye, a liquid called aqueous humor helps to maintain shape and provides nutrients. The aqueous humor normally drains through the trabecular meshwork. In open-angle glaucoma, the draining is impeded, causing the liquid to ...
Over many years, glaucoma has been defined by an intraocular pressure of more than 20 mm Hg. Incompatible with this (now obsolete) definition of glaucoma was the ever larger number of cases that have been reported in medical literature in the 1980s and 1990s who had the typical signs of glaucomatous damage, like optic nerve head excavation and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, while ...
Exfoliation syndrome: Exfoliation syndrome is a classic cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma, a common symptom of exfoliation syndrome is a cloudy layer on the anterior lens capsule. [ 2 ] Aphakic and pseudophakic glaucoma: Aphakic glaucoma is a common side-effect of cataract surgery which causes an increase in IOP.
In conclusion, although the Van Herick technique for anterior chamber angle assessment offers many benefits including being non-invasive, quick, a comparatively accessible technique, with satisfactory specificity and sensitivity values, for the detection of angle closure; it is nonetheless not devoid of limitations.
A wide angle allows sufficient drainage of humour through the trabecular meshwork (unless obstructed), whereas a narrow angle may impede the drainage system and leave the patient susceptible to acute angle-closure glaucoma. Gonioscopy indicates the angular width of the iridocorneal angle by the number of ocular structures visible above the rim ...
Multiple types of scotomas form inside Bjerrum's area, typically in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Of particular note is the arcuate scotoma (also known as the Bjerrums scotoma). It starts at the blind spot , arching over the macular area, and ends as a horizontal line nasally.
In patients with headaches, the finding of swollen optic discs (papilledema) on ophthalmoscopy is a key sign indicating raised intracranial pressure, which may be due to conditions such as hydrocephalus, benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), and brain tumors. In glaucoma, cupped optic discs are seen.