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In statistics, where classification is often done with logistic regression or a similar procedure, the properties of observations are termed explanatory variables (or independent variables, regressors, etc.), and the categories to be predicted are known as outcomes, which are considered to be possible values of the dependent variable.
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In statistics, data can have any of various types. Statistical data types include categorical (e.g. country), directional (angles or directions, e.g. wind measurements), count (a whole number of events), or real intervals (e.g. measures of temperature).
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In practice, as in most of statistics, the difficulties and subtleties are associated with modeling the probability distributions effectively—in this case, (= =). The Bayes classifier is a useful benchmark in statistical classification .
In business, "statistics" is a widely used management-and decision support tool. It is particularly applied in financial management, marketing management, and production, services and operations management. [69] [70] Statistics is also heavily used in management accounting and auditing.
Generally these statistics will be scale invariant (scaling all the numbers by the same factor does not change the output), to make them independent of population size, which is achieved by using ratios of homogeneous functions, most simply homogeneous linear or homogeneous quadratic functions. Say we test some people for the presence of a disease.
Categorical data-- Causal inference-- Characterization of probability distributions-- Statistical charts and diagrams-- Cheminformatics-- Statistical classification-- Classification algorithms-- Climate and weather statistics-- Cluster analysis-- Cluster analysis algorithms-- Clustering criteria-- Cohort studies-- Cohort study methods ...