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  2. Genomic imprinting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_imprinting

    However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind genomic imprinting show that it is the maternal genome that controls much of the imprinting of both its own and the paternally-derived genes in the zygote, making it difficult to explain why the maternal genes would willingly relinquish their dominance to that of the paternally ...

  3. Transcription preinitiation complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_pre...

    Transcription preinitiation complex, represented by the central cluster of proteins, causes RNA polymerase to bind to target DNA site. The PIC is able to bind both the promoter sequence near the gene to be transcribed and an enhancer sequence in a different part of the genome, allowing enhancer sequences to regulate a gene distant from it.

  4. Primary transcript - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_transcript

    An R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure containing a DNA-RNA hybrid region and an associated non-template single-stranded DNA. Actively transcribed regions of DNA often form R-loops that are vulnerable to DNA damage. Introns reduce R-loop formation and DNA damage in highly expressed yeast genes. [7]

  5. Eukaryotic transcription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription

    First, an RNA polymerase along with general transcription factors binds to the promoter region of the gene to form a closed complex called the preinitiation complex. The subsequent transition of the complex from the closed state to the open state results in the melting or separation of the two DNA strands and the positioning of the template ...

  6. Gene structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_structure

    Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene.Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [1] [2] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.

  7. G1 phase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G1_phase

    Mitosis in an animal cell (phases ordered counter-clockwise), with G 1 labeled at left. The G 1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. In this part of interphase, the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in

  8. Human mitochondrial genetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mitochondrial_genetics

    In humans, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) forms closed circular molecules that contain 16,569 [4] [5] DNA base pairs, [6] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the mitochondrial genes. Each human mitochondrion contains, on average, approximately 5 such mtDNA molecules, with the quantity ranging between 1 and 15. [ 6 ]

  9. Eukaryotic DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_DNA_replication

    While the yeast pre-RC forms a closed DNA complex, [35] [36] [46] the human pre-RC forms an open complex. [47] At the transition of the G 1 stage to the S phase of the cell cycle, S phase–specific cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) and Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase (DDK) transform the inert pre-RC into an active complex capable of assembling two ...